A.THE VARIOUS KIND OF MOVEMENT IN PLANT
1.Autonomic Movement
Movement that is not known yet its cause certainly but predicted this motion is caused by stimulus that comes from the body of plant itself
Example:
a) The flowing movement of cytoplasm in cell
b) The bending movement of leaf bud because of difference of growth velocity
c) Movement that is shown by plant when grows such as the growth of root, steam, leaf and flower
2.Exogenous Movement
Exogenous movement is plant movement that is caused by external stimulus. For example light, earth gravitational force, water, touch and chemical substance.
Example:
a) The opening and closing of mimosa pudica leaves
b) The opening and closing of stomata
3.Hygroscopic Movement
Hygroscopic movement is movement of part of plant that is caused by the influence of the change of water level from its cells so happens nonhomogenous wrinkling.
Example:
a) The breaking of dried nut fruit Leucaena glauca castor Caesalipinia pulcherrima
b) The opening of sporangium in fern as the cause of the wrinkling of annulus cells.
B.THE VARIOUS KIND OF EXOGENOUS MOVEMENT IN PLANTS
1.Nastic Movement
Nastic movement is plant movement to stimulus, that its direction is not determined by stimulus but by the plant itself.
According to its cause, nastic movement is separated into five kinds, those are photonasty, nictinasty, thigmonasty, thermonasty and complex nasty
a.Photonasty
Photonasty is nasty movement that is caused by stimulus of sunlight.
Example:
1) The opening and closing of Mirabilis jalava at certain time when there is light
2) The blossom of sun flower
b.Nictinasty
Nictinasty is nasty movement that is caused by dark condition (sleeping movement)
Example:
1) The closing of leaves of butterfly flower at night
2) The closing of compound leaves in Leucaena glauca at night
c.Thigmonasty
Thigmonasty is nasty movement that is caused by stimulus of touch.
Example:
1) The closing of leaves of Mimusa pudica when touched
d.Thermonasty
Thermonasty is nasty movement that is caused by temperature stimulus
Example:
1) Tulip flower will develop if suddenly gets temperature increment and close anymore if temperature decreases
e.Complex Nasty
Complex nasty is nasty movement that is caused by several factors altogether, such as CO2 (carbon dioxide) level, level of Ca ions, temperature, sunlight, chemical substance, and water.
Example:
1) The opening and closing of stomata. The opening and closing of stomata is influenced by sunlight, chemical substance, and water
2.Tropism movement
Topism movement of part of plant body to stimulus that its movement direction is determined by the stimulus.
Tropism is divided into two parts, namely positive tropism and negative tropism
a.Positive Tropism
Positive tropism is tropism movement that goes to the coming of stimulus.
Example:
1) The tip of plant that formerly straight upward, because the influence of sunlight that cames from side, its tip bends to the direction of incoming sunlight.
b.Negative Tropism
Negative tropism is tropism movement that its direction leaves stimulus.
Example:
1) Stem moves away or leaves stimulus of Earth gravitational
According to the kind of its stimulus, tropism is separated into five, that is phototropism, geotropism, chemotropism, thigmotropism, and hydrotropism
1) Phototropism
Phototropism is tropism movement that is caused by the stimulus of sunlight.
Example:
1) The tip of plant that lies in room will bend to direction of incident light
2) Geotropism
Geotropism is tropism movement that follow Earth gravitational force.
Geotropism is divided into two, those are as follows:
a) Positive Geotropism
Positive geotropism is geotropism movement that its direction is downward (going to Earth).
Example:
1) The tip of root grows to the direction of gravitation
b) Negative Geotropism
Negative geotropism is geotropism movement that its direction is upward (leaving Earth).
Example:
1) The tip of stem grows upward leaving gravitational force
3).Chemotropism
Chemotropism is tropism movement that is caused by stimulus of chemical substance. Chemotropism is separated into two kinds, those are as follows:
a) Positive Chemotropism
Positive chemotropism is chemotropism that its direction approaches source of stimulus.
Example:
1) The movement of root to food substance in soil
b) Negative Chemotropism
Negative chemotropism id chemotropism movement that its direction is leaving source of stimulus.
Example:
1) Movement of root leaves poison.
4).Thigmotropism
Thigmotropism is tropism movement that is caused by stimulus of touch to header thing.
Example:
1) In plant that has tendril. If that tendril touches hard thing then it will happen contact and finally that tendril can twist the hard thing.
5) Hydrotropism
Hydrotropism is the movement of plant root that is influenced by reservation of soil water.
Example:
1) Root grows straightly downward, but if in this direction is not found enough of water, then the root will grow bending to the direction that has enough of water.
3.Taxis Movement
Taxis is transfer movement of all body to stimulus that its direction is determined by the stimulus.
Based on the kinds of its stimulus, taxis is separated into three kinds namely phototaxis, chemotaxis, and galvanotaxis
a) Phototaxis
Phototaxis is taxis movement that is caused by stimulus of sunlight.
Example:
1) The movement of chlorophyll to the surface that gets light and movement of spore that has flagella to the light place.
b) Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis is taxis movement that is caused by chemical stimulus.
Example:
1) Movement of spermatozoid (part that is formed by plant) of moss plant and fern to ovum that is found in archegonium attracted to the sugar or protein that is produced by archegonium
c) Galvanotaxis
Galvanotaxis is taxis movement toward electric current direction.
Example:
1) Bacteria that is interested to positive (+) or negative (-) load.
Movement that is not known yet its cause certainly but predicted this motion is caused by stimulus that comes from the body of plant itself
Example:
a) The flowing movement of cytoplasm in cell
b) The bending movement of leaf bud because of difference of growth velocity
c) Movement that is shown by plant when grows such as the growth of root, steam, leaf and flower
2.Exogenous Movement
Exogenous movement is plant movement that is caused by external stimulus. For example light, earth gravitational force, water, touch and chemical substance.
Example:
a) The opening and closing of mimosa pudica leaves
b) The opening and closing of stomata
3.Hygroscopic Movement
Hygroscopic movement is movement of part of plant that is caused by the influence of the change of water level from its cells so happens nonhomogenous wrinkling.
Example:
a) The breaking of dried nut fruit Leucaena glauca castor Caesalipinia pulcherrima
b) The opening of sporangium in fern as the cause of the wrinkling of annulus cells.
B.THE VARIOUS KIND OF EXOGENOUS MOVEMENT IN PLANTS
1.Nastic Movement
Nastic movement is plant movement to stimulus, that its direction is not determined by stimulus but by the plant itself.
According to its cause, nastic movement is separated into five kinds, those are photonasty, nictinasty, thigmonasty, thermonasty and complex nasty
a.Photonasty
Photonasty is nasty movement that is caused by stimulus of sunlight.
Example:
1) The opening and closing of Mirabilis jalava at certain time when there is light
2) The blossom of sun flower
b.Nictinasty
Nictinasty is nasty movement that is caused by dark condition (sleeping movement)
Example:
1) The closing of leaves of butterfly flower at night
2) The closing of compound leaves in Leucaena glauca at night
c.Thigmonasty
Thigmonasty is nasty movement that is caused by stimulus of touch.
Example:
1) The closing of leaves of Mimusa pudica when touched
d.Thermonasty
Thermonasty is nasty movement that is caused by temperature stimulus
Example:
1) Tulip flower will develop if suddenly gets temperature increment and close anymore if temperature decreases
e.Complex Nasty
Complex nasty is nasty movement that is caused by several factors altogether, such as CO2 (carbon dioxide) level, level of Ca ions, temperature, sunlight, chemical substance, and water.
Example:
1) The opening and closing of stomata. The opening and closing of stomata is influenced by sunlight, chemical substance, and water
2.Tropism movement
Topism movement of part of plant body to stimulus that its movement direction is determined by the stimulus.
Tropism is divided into two parts, namely positive tropism and negative tropism
a.Positive Tropism
Positive tropism is tropism movement that goes to the coming of stimulus.
Example:
1) The tip of plant that formerly straight upward, because the influence of sunlight that cames from side, its tip bends to the direction of incoming sunlight.
b.Negative Tropism
Negative tropism is tropism movement that its direction leaves stimulus.
Example:
1) Stem moves away or leaves stimulus of Earth gravitational
According to the kind of its stimulus, tropism is separated into five, that is phototropism, geotropism, chemotropism, thigmotropism, and hydrotropism
1) Phototropism
Phototropism is tropism movement that is caused by the stimulus of sunlight.
Example:
1) The tip of plant that lies in room will bend to direction of incident light
2) Geotropism
Geotropism is tropism movement that follow Earth gravitational force.
Geotropism is divided into two, those are as follows:
a) Positive Geotropism
Positive geotropism is geotropism movement that its direction is downward (going to Earth).
Example:
1) The tip of root grows to the direction of gravitation
b) Negative Geotropism
Negative geotropism is geotropism movement that its direction is upward (leaving Earth).
Example:
1) The tip of stem grows upward leaving gravitational force
3).Chemotropism
Chemotropism is tropism movement that is caused by stimulus of chemical substance. Chemotropism is separated into two kinds, those are as follows:
a) Positive Chemotropism
Positive chemotropism is chemotropism that its direction approaches source of stimulus.
Example:
1) The movement of root to food substance in soil
b) Negative Chemotropism
Negative chemotropism id chemotropism movement that its direction is leaving source of stimulus.
Example:
1) Movement of root leaves poison.
4).Thigmotropism
Thigmotropism is tropism movement that is caused by stimulus of touch to header thing.
Example:
1) In plant that has tendril. If that tendril touches hard thing then it will happen contact and finally that tendril can twist the hard thing.
5) Hydrotropism
Hydrotropism is the movement of plant root that is influenced by reservation of soil water.
Example:
1) Root grows straightly downward, but if in this direction is not found enough of water, then the root will grow bending to the direction that has enough of water.
3.Taxis Movement
Taxis is transfer movement of all body to stimulus that its direction is determined by the stimulus.
Based on the kinds of its stimulus, taxis is separated into three kinds namely phototaxis, chemotaxis, and galvanotaxis
a) Phototaxis
Phototaxis is taxis movement that is caused by stimulus of sunlight.
Example:
1) The movement of chlorophyll to the surface that gets light and movement of spore that has flagella to the light place.
b) Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis is taxis movement that is caused by chemical stimulus.
Example:
1) Movement of spermatozoid (part that is formed by plant) of moss plant and fern to ovum that is found in archegonium attracted to the sugar or protein that is produced by archegonium
c) Galvanotaxis
Galvanotaxis is taxis movement toward electric current direction.
Example:
1) Bacteria that is interested to positive (+) or negative (-) load.